نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• عبدالله نوری زاد ¹
• ابوالفضل رضایی ²
• محمد ابراهیم خلیفه شوشتری ³

¹ جامعة الشهید بهشتی

² دانشیار دانشگاه شهید بهشتی

³ استاد دانشگاه شهید بهشتی

چکیده

عبدالقاهر الجرجانی صاحب "نظریة النظم" یرى إعجاز القرآن الکریم الأدبی فی نظمه البدیع، حیث إنَّ المفردات منسجمة بعضها ببعض فی اللفظ، وفی ائتلاف تام مع المعنى. ففی استخدام کل مفردة حکمة، وفی ترک اختیار لفظ مترادف سر بدیع. ثم الجمل بشتى أسالیبها فی انسجام کامل فیما بینها لفظاً ومعنىً مع مراعاة تامة لقواعد النحو وأسس علم البلاغة. فهو لم یر الأصالة للفظ أو المعنى، بل کل من جمالیات اللفظ والمعنى فی خدمة سیاق الکلام. ثم عبدالقاهر ما فسَّر القرآن الکریم على أساس نظریته إلا قلیلاً، فقمنا بتطبیقها عملیَّاً على أربع آیات محددة من سورة یوسف بالاستفادة من المنهج الوصفی-التحلیلی. فوصلنا من خلال دراستنا التحلیلیة بعد تطبیق النظریة على آیات المقطع لکونها على أساس الحوار الدعوی أنَّ المفردات المستخدمة من حیث النظم اللفظی رقیقة مع مراعاة کمال الاحترام لجلب الفتیین، واختار یوسف (ع) ألفاظ نکرة بکثیر لتشمل مظاهر الشرک بکاملها، وسبک الجمل بأنواع الأسالیب التأکیدیة لفظاً، والنداء للبعید لجلب ثقتهما والاستئناس بهما مع مراعاة الإیجاز اللفظی الذی یدعو إلیها الحوار الدعوی. ثم من منظر النظم المعنوی أنَّ المفردات والجمل فی ارتباط وثیق مع المعنى بما فی الجمل من رابطة علیَّة تقدیماً وتأخیراً لإقناع المخاطب جملة بجملة. فهذه الأسالیب المتعلقة بالنظم اللفظی والمعنوی فی ائتلاف تام فیما بینهما لیکونا تعبیرین صادقین عن السیاق الکلی للمقطع.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• عبدالقاهر الجرجانی
• نظریة النظم
• سورة یوسف
• الجمالیات اللغویة والبلاغیة
• التلاؤم اللفظی والمعنوی

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of the Linguistic and Rhetoric Beauties of surah Al-Yusuf under the Abdul Qahir al-Jurjani Theory of Al-Nadzm (Part of Yusuf’s Invitation to Monotheism [Al-Yusuf, 37-40])

نویسندگان [English]

• Abdollah Noorizad ¹
• Abolfazl rezayi ²
• Mohammad Ebrahim Khalifeh Shooshtari ³

¹ Department of Arabic language and literature at the University of Shahid-Beheshti- Tehran

² Department of Arabic language and literature at the University of Shahid-Beheshti- Tehran

³ Department of Arabic language and literature at the University of Shahid-Beheshti- Tehran

چکیده [English]

Extended abstract
Abdul Qadir al-Jurjani considers the literary I’jaz (inimitability) of the Holy Quran to be in its miraculous order, and names it the Theory of Al-Nadzm (order) which has been long the focus of literary scholars. Theory of Al-Nadzm means that all the words in the Holy Quran are in an orderly structure in terms of meaning and vocabulary as no word can be replaced by another word, and they hold unique secrets regarding the Mu’arrifah (definite) and Nakarah (indefinite) being, or primacy and recency. The word correlations create short and long sentences and these sentences themselves are totally cohesive, semantically and morphologically. The grammatical principles are fully observed in these sentences and the pillars of rhetoric are comprehensively used. And all these verbal and spiritual beauties serve the style of the verses. The authors have investigated a part of Surah Al-Yusuf in the present study because it is a Meccan Surah and the rhetoric in these surahs is stronger and firmer. In the era of Meccan Surat, the Holy Quran challenged Arab literary scholars to bring a single verse like the Quranic verses. Of course, it should be noted that all Quranic surahs are rhetorically firm. After evaluating Abdul Qahir al-Jurjani’s books, and the books by other researchers, we did not find any research that has conducted a word-for-word or sentence-for-sentence analysis from the perspective of the Theory of al-Nadzm. Thus, it has remained merely as a theory without finding a precise practical comparison with the verses of the Holy Quran, an adaptation that is suitable and worthy of the Holy Quran or close to it. Therefore, with the mercy of the Almighty God, we have aimed to reveal a miracle of numerous miracles of the Holy Quran through a comparison in the framework of evaluation of the words’ relations in terms of the meaning and morphology, and the sentences’ morphological and semantic cohesion as well as their relationship with the style of four specified verses of Surah Al-Yusuf. The main objective of the practical comparison of the verses and implementation of the Theory of Al-Nadzm in the present article is to discover the latent literary secrets in the Holy Quran in terms of the words, and express its beautiful images semantically, as well as the revelation of its morphological and semantic beauties with the style of the Holy Verses. It is a descriptive-analytical study. The findings show that since the researched verses are about Yusuf’s conversation with two prisoner friends and inviting them to monotheism, the selected words are morphologically very gentle and soft so that they can attract the two of them. Also, concerning the style of the expression of monotheism, the Nakarah words have been used in plenty to cover all the manifestations of polytheism. The sentences are also expressed with various styles of verbal emphasis and the inviting style has been used repeatedly to gain the trust and affection of the invitees. Also, the verbal and spiritual I’jaz is among the main pillars of these verses for which the invitation style is a requirement. Concerning the spiritual order, the words and sentences are in a deep semantic relationship in a way that the causality is fully observed in the sentences to satisfy the audience. And all these beauties of verbal and spiritual order with complete correlation are an honest interpretation of the general style of the verses.
 
Keywords: Abdul Qahir al-Jurjani, Theory of Nadzm, Surah al-Yusuf, linguistic and rhetoric beauties.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Abdul Qahir al-Jurjani
• Theory of Nadzm
• Surah al-Yusuf
• linguistic and rhetoric beauties