نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• علی گنجیان ¹
• احیا کماسی ²

¹ دانشیار گروه زبان و ادبیات عربی دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی

² دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی

چکیده

علم اللغة الثقافی یدرس الأسس المعرفیة والثقافیة للمفاهیم اللغویة التی تمّ تشفیرها فی اللغة. مجموعة التجارب الجمعیة لأصحاب اللغة من العادات والاعتقادات والظواهر الاجتماعیة تعتبر الأسس الثقافیة التی هی فی العلاقة مع المفاهیم اللغویة. المفردات المختصّة بالتعبیر عن أعضاء الإنسان، نحو: العین والرأس والأذن و... قد تدلّ على أسس معرفیة وثقافیة وتحتوی على مفاهیم المعرفة والإدراک والمشاعر. من جانب آخر، هناک علاقة دلالیة بین المفاهیم الفسیولوجیة لأعضاء جسد الإنسان والمفاهیم السوسیولوجیة فیعتقد علماء اللغة أنّ دراسة أسماء الجسد لیست منحصرة فی المفاهیم البیولوجیة بل لها بعد ثقافی واجتماعی حیث قد تعجز الترجمة عن انتقالها. من بین أسماء جسد الإنسان فی اللغة العربیة أثارت انتباهنا مفردة الأنف فرأینا استلزام البحث عنها معتمدین على المنهج الوصفی والتحلیلی ومتمسّکین بفرضیة أنّ دلالات مستخرجة من مشتقّات مفردة الأنف ومرادفاتها فی العلاقة مع البناء المعرفی والثقافی لها وتعکس ثقافة واضعیها. استهدف البحث، قراءة مختلفة عمّا سجّلته المعاجم اللغویة لمفردة الأنف ومرادفاتها فی اللغة العربیة بالاعتماد على علم اللغة الثقافی والترکیز على نظریة "وانغ لی" وهو أحد من أصحابه. قدّم "وانغ" نظریة لتغیرات المفردات من حیث المعنى فی شکل شجیرات الصبّار وذهب إلى إثبات أنّ البناء الثقافی والمعرفی یُمثّلان جذور المفردات. فتوصّلت الدراسة إلى أنّ المفاهیم المتشکّلة للأنف فی العلاقة مع الفسیولوجیة فیبدو أن الدلالات المستخرجة من الأنف ومرادفاتها اتخذت من فسیولوجیة التنفّس وموقع الأنف فی الوجه والتشمّم وتتناسب مع مفهوم الحیاة والطراوة والنشاط فترجع إلى الاعتقاد الجمعی عند العرب فی القدیم وهو أنّ الأنف منبع الحیاة ومکان استقرار الروح.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• علم اللغة الثقافی
• الأنف
• البناء الثقافی والمعرفی
• نظریة وانغ لی

موضوعات

• پژوهشهای زبانشناسی کاربردی در حوزه زبان عربی

عنوان مقاله [English]

The cultural and cognitive construction of the word "Al anf" and its synonyms in the Arabic language in the light of cultural linguistics focusing on the theory of “Wang Li”

نویسندگان [English]

• Ali Ganjian ¹
• ehya komasi ²

¹ Associate Professor, Department of Arabic Language and Literature, Allameh Tabatabai University

² allameh tabataba I university

چکیده [English]

Extended abstract
The significance of carrying out an investigation into language, its relation with the culture, and how speakers understands it has attracted the attention of linguists and experts in other fields of humanities. Cultural linguistics is a sub-branch of humanities dealing with the relation between culture and language. It drives from the cognitive linguistics, and, indeed, represents the achievement of ethnic semantics studies, Ben's school of semantics, and anthropology. Cultural linguistics discuss the cognitive and cultural basis of coded linguistic concepts (Sharifian, 2014). 
Terms expressing the human body, namely eyes, head, ear, and such like, may refer to cultural bases and contain such notions like knowledge, understanding, and feelings. On the other hand, there is a semantics link between physiological concepts of the human body and sociological notions. The body and its linguistic configuration is among the most pivotal mechanisms. Name of an organ not only represents physico-biological facts but also processes external facts in the form of language; therefore, it is regarded as human's coding factors (Zahedi et al., 2011).
 Analyzing words of a language allows a linguist to study collective experiences as well as the cultural and cognitive basis of its speakers.
In this research, authors used the term "anf" (literally means nose) and its synonyms in Arabic to investigate its cultural and cognitive basis through cultural linguistics. Here are the research purposes:
Studying the relation between the term "anf" as well as the culture and cognitive experience of Arab speakers
Representing an image relevant to the cultural and cognitive basis of the term "anf" for speakers and learners of other languages
Studying the relation between physiologic concepts of the term "anf" in Arabic and its sociological concepts
Studying the semantic changes of the term "anf" in Arabic
This analytical and descriptive study aimed to review cognitive experiences of some Arab speakers as well as the cultural basis of the term "anf" and its synonyms. Having a cultural and cognitive look at Arabic, the research examined semantic changes of this term according to Wang Lee Theory in order to extract its cultural and cognitive basis in Arabic.
This research proposes three semantic forms of the term "anf" based on physiological concepts and according to Wang Lee's cuctus theory. The forms all contain big and small chains indicating semantic changes of the term "anf" throughout the Arab history. Therefore, we claim that its semantic changes include chains formed based on a) the physiological concept of breathing through the nose, b) place of the nose on the face and c) the concept of smelling.
    Figure 1. Chains representing semantic changes of the term "anf" and its synonyms in Arabic in the form of a cactus based on the physiology of breathing through the nose  
 Figure 2. Chains representing semantic changes of the term "anf" and its synonyms in Arabic in the form of a cactus based on the place of the nose on the face
 Figure 3. Chains representing semantic changes of the term "anf" and its synonyms in Arabic in the form of a cactus based on the physiology of smelling
The general belief in the presence of spirit in the nose from which life is formed seems to be the basis of the collective cognition of the term "anf" and its synonyms in Arabic. For the Arab, the face and the nose are two most valuable parts of the human body. That's why nobelmen are called "the face of people" and "noses of people" in Arabic.
 
Keywords: Cultural linguistics; Anf; Cultural and cognitive basis; Wang theory
 
References
Sharifian, Farzad (2014). An introduction to the cultural linguistics. Translated by Leila Ardebili. 1^st Tehran: Nevise Farsi
Zahedi, Keyvan; Zahab Nazouri, Samira (2011). The name of organs on the head in Persian and English proverbs: a cognitive analysis of corpus-cultural basis. The journal of novelties in cognitive sciences. 13 (6), p.1-18.

 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Cultural Linguistics
• Al anf
• The cognitive and cultural construction
• the theory of “ Wang Li