Research paper
Sardar Aslani; Mohsen Gholamhossein Kahouri
Volume 7, Issue 23 , May 2016, Pages 22-1
Abstract
Bushra Al-Bustani as a university professor and literature intellectual is one of the contemporary dedicated and knowledgeable Iraqi woman who had a great impact on Iraq’s culture in particular and on Arabian’s in general. With her outstanding works, she made great expressive and aesthetic ...
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Bushra Al-Bustani as a university professor and literature intellectual is one of the contemporary dedicated and knowledgeable Iraqi woman who had a great impact on Iraq’s culture in particular and on Arabian’s in general. With her outstanding works, she made great expressive and aesthetic values in the body of the Arabian culture and resistive literature. In “bullet sounds and explosives”, she writes about her own people to awaken them, free them from their fear, and persuade them to confront their problems and approach the hardships inflicted by the enemy. She delved into the Arab’s hardships and problems and binds her bruises with those of her people. This is to manifest her love which encompasses good wishes and hope for her country and people. This study is to investigate the most prominent manifestations and themes in resistance literature: passion for the homeland, a call for resistance and jihad, domestic commitment and dedication to the Arab land, praising the revolution activists and martyrs and criticizing the Arab dictators in the poetess’ works. Bushra Al-Bustani as a university professor and literature intellectual is one of the contemporary dedicated and knowledgeable Iraqi woman who had a great impact on Iraq’s culture in particular and on Arabian’s in general. With her outstanding works, she made great expressive and aesthetic values in the body of the Arabian culture and resistive literature. In “bullet sounds and explosives”, she writes about her own people to awaken them, free them from their fear, and persuade them to confront their problems and approach the hardships inflicted by the enemy. She delved into the Arab’s hardships and problems and binds her bruises with those of her people. This is to manifest her love which encompasses good wishes and hope for her country and people. This study is to investigate the most prominent manifestations and themes in resistance literature: passion for the homeland, a call for resistance and jihad, domestic commitment and dedication to the Arab land, praising the revolution activists and martyrs and criticizing the Arab dictators in the poetess’ works. Bushra Al-Bustani as a university professor and literature intellectual is one of the contemporary dedicated and knowledgeable Iraqi woman who had a great impact on Iraq’s culture in particular and on Arabian’s in general. With her outstanding works, she made great expressive and aesthetic values in the body of the Arabian culture and resistive literature. In “bullet sounds and explosives”, she writes about her own people to awaken them, free them from their fear, and persuade them to confront their problems and approach the hardships inflicted by the enemy. She delved into the Arab’s hardships and problems and binds her bruises with those of her people. This is to manifest her love which encompasses good wishes and hope for her country and people. This study is to investigate the most prominent manifestations and themes in resistance literature: passion for the homeland, a call for resistance and jihad, domestic commitment and dedication to the Arab land, praising the revolution activists and martyrs and criticizing the Arab dictators in the poetess’ works.
Research paper
Maryam Bakhshi; ALi Bagher Taheriniya
Volume 7, Issue 23 , May 2016, Pages 39-23
Abstract
Point of view is a method used by the author to present his or her story to the reader; through which the evaluation of the story becomes possible. Diversity in narratives enrich the narrative structure; such narrative has been artistically employed in in the story of Adam where the artistic and intellectual ...
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Point of view is a method used by the author to present his or her story to the reader; through which the evaluation of the story becomes possible. Diversity in narratives enrich the narrative structure; such narrative has been artistically employed in in the story of Adam where the artistic and intellectual aspects are combined in a way to create a narrative form appropriate with the thought represented. Different artistic forms have been used in the story of Adam; to name some, one can refer to shift in narration from first- person to the third -person, from third- person to the first-person plural and vice versa, from second-person to third- person and from first-person plural to first-person singular and vice versa. These shifts have not caused uneasiness in the process of the story and shifts in point of view from the first-person plural to third-person are abundant. The first- person plural in this story can be considered as having knowledge over the story, narrating a true story, enhancing the power of the speech, direct relationship with the addressee and first-person plural and first-person singular are the almighty God.
Research paper
Reza Arab Bafrani; Ali Nourouzi; Ali Salemi; Isa Motaqizadeh
Volume 7, Issue 23 , May 2016, Pages 72-41
Abstract
poems indeed are of great importance in recording historical and important events. It is said “poetry is the Arab Divan”. Poets record the nation’s past, its wars and glories. It is noteworthy to mention that God has referred to poets in soft terms. Family of prophets have encouraged ...
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poems indeed are of great importance in recording historical and important events. It is said “poetry is the Arab Divan”. Poets record the nation’s past, its wars and glories. It is noteworthy to mention that God has referred to poets in soft terms. Family of prophets have encouraged their devotees and the Shiites to write poetry about them and many sayings are narrated where they persuade people to compose poems. Therefore, many people composed poems about the family of prophet and among them are the nation’s juris; the ones committed to keep the works of the family of prophet and to eternalize their memories in their poetry of resistance. Among them is Sheikh Hussein Najaf Tabrizi Najafi whose pure love to the family of prophet led to a collection of poems written with his heart and eyes. Subsequent to the brief account of the poet’s, this study aims at exploring the literary and thematic features of the poems. The method employed is a descriptive analysis. The findings show the importance of faith in the poet’s work that is he has used his literacy to serve religion and spread the Islamic culture and teachings of the family of prophets. He has clearly expressed his thoughts. He is faithful in narrating events and uses simple and common words. To sum up, the poet’s efforts in reviving the Islamic heritage and maintaining its values have been successful.
Research paper
Sadegh Fathi Dehkordi; Abir Jaderi
Volume 7, Issue 23 , May 2016, Pages 91-73
Abstract
Undoubtedly, Gibran is one of pioneers of the school of symbolism in Arabic literature, even though, his works bear the characteristics of the school of Romanticism. In his use of words, night has special sacredness and eminent; according to Gibran night transcends time and place and unites ...
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Undoubtedly, Gibran is one of pioneers of the school of symbolism in Arabic literature, even though, his works bear the characteristics of the school of Romanticism. In his use of words, night has special sacredness and eminent; according to Gibran night transcends time and place and unites past, history and future. Due to his universal philosophy, incarnation, believing in the transmigration of the souls and deep mystical tendency, this symbol is very much praised by him. The present study aims at investigating this symbol referring to various subjects; night is sometimes combined with universal love, at times with mythologies and gods (Astarte) and (Sphinx), sometimes in combination with mystical and philosophical tendencies especially the three hypostases (freedom, love, defiance. By transcending time and place, night expresses immortality and eternity of the soul. The method used is descriptive analysis.
Research paper
Javad Garjami; Naeimeh Rabbani
Volume 7, Issue 23 , May 2016, Pages 109-93
Abstract
Undoubtedly, drama is a literary genre that has experienced different historical periods. This form of art as one of the visual arts uses elements such as text, sign, music, and sound along with other elements of drama as directors, actors, decor, and so forth to present its addressees with stories and ...
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Undoubtedly, drama is a literary genre that has experienced different historical periods. This form of art as one of the visual arts uses elements such as text, sign, music, and sound along with other elements of drama as directors, actors, decor, and so forth to present its addressees with stories and literary texts. Nevertheless, critics consider four main elements for this genre: event, Character, idea, and dialogue. This art production is presented in the form of a literary conversation by artists and bears many common structural features with short story. Meanwhile, the element of dialogue is considered a major difference between a play and a short story; the very element is the main element responsible for relating the artist and its addressee. Something which signifies the power of the artistic creation of its artist. The research adopts a descriptive- analytical approach and uses library resources to analyze the element of dialogue and its features in the play TheAdventure of Mamluk Jaber's Head. Thus, we expect the reader to achieve valuable results. The findings show Wannous’s ability in relation to the element of dialogue and his unique ability in presenting mutual dialogue, hidden dialogue, action dialogue and so forth.
Yahya Maroof; Behnam Bagheri
Volume 7, Issue 23 , May 2016, Pages 137-111
Abstract
Employing historical figures is one of the influential techniques in contemporary poetic discourse. This study attempts to examine the use of "historical figures" to shed light on the implications and ways of interaction of the poet with these figures. The findings signify that the poet has endeavored ...
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Employing historical figures is one of the influential techniques in contemporary poetic discourse. This study attempts to examine the use of "historical figures" to shed light on the implications and ways of interaction of the poet with these figures. The findings signify that the poet has endeavored to use these figures to comment and present the status image, the political situation and the horrendous events occurring in Iraq. The use of these characters in his poetry indicates the Poet’s perspective, his suffering and displacement from his homeland, the crimes, the bloodsheds, and the terrible events in Iraq. Through bringing such characters, he has provided a clear picture of the tragedies, pain, and suffering of Iraqi people at time of "Baath Party", followed by the American occupation of Iraq, the tragedies, and the horrendous crimes that followed. The poet not only expresses the disastrous events and his feelings but also encourages the Iraqis to defiance and sustainability. It seems using historical figures has allowed the poet to efficiently portray his own and the characters’ feelings, the crime, bloodshed, misery, sorrow, nostalgia, and their displacement.
Research paper
Maryam Hashemi
Volume 7, Issue 23 , May 2016, Pages 165-139
Abstract
Amin Reyhani (1876-1940) is among the men of letters whose literature is manifestation of his inner personality. He is the one who devoted himself completely to literature and thoughts. To him, literature must be like a tool in order to incite the nation and to coordinate with social life hence; it must ...
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Amin Reyhani (1876-1940) is among the men of letters whose literature is manifestation of his inner personality. He is the one who devoted himself completely to literature and thoughts. To him, literature must be like a tool in order to incite the nation and to coordinate with social life hence; it must give true image of life with different regulations as well as dramatic tragedies. Likewise, literature must narrate the truth of a society that in its epitome and phenomena encounters with different ethnic tendencies as well as flow of diverse human beings. Styles and methods applied in the current research are as follow: First, a descriptive method has been applied through which, the author tries to follow literary plans of Amin Reyhani from his intervening publications proportional to the proposed topic of research. Second, structural, infrastructural and synthetic methods through which, author first determines the foundation and basis of the topic and then executes analytical process of Reyhani’s literary texts hence; draws the curtain from some of the allegorical and mysterious elements. Third, comparative method through which, the author intends to highlight that Rehyani has been aligned with philosophers like Voltaire and Rousseau by utopian writers.
