Document Type : Research paper
Authors
1 Assistant Professor Department of Arabic Language and Literature, Faculty of Literature, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
2 Professor Department of Arabic Language and Literature, Faculty of Literature, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
Abstract
Some of the methods that are used to analyze literary texts and understand its depth and hidden aspects deal with the text from the inside. Since the immanent approach interprets various issues from the inside, methods such as structuralism, stylistics, semiotics, and poetics, which consider the text as a linguistic structure independent of external factors, have an immanent approach. According to Todorov, poetics is the knowledge that deals with those abstract features that make a literary event unique. In other words, the aim of poetics is to know the general rules that create a literary text within literature. Todorov studies poetics as a method for literary text analysis at four levels: semantic expression, word registers, verbal expression, and syntactic expression. The present research aims to examine the ode "Qabr Al-arz" by Mohammad Ali Shamsuddin (1942-2022), a Lebanese poet. In order to know the technical characteristics of the mentioned ode, this research is based on the descriptive-analytical method and based on Todorov's boutique theory.The most important findings of the research indicate that the narrative structure of the ode "The Tomb of the Earth" has made it possible to analyze this ode based on Todorov's boutique approach. The most important findings of the research indicate that the narrative structure of the ode "The Tomb of the Earth" has made it possible to analyze it on Todorov's boutique approach. The poet uses relationships based on absence at the level of semantic expression and at the level of verbal contexts, he uses ascribes verbs to subjects with various degrees of abstraction, as well as repetition, antithesis, imagery of the type of gradual change and multi-valued speech. At the level of verbal expression, he also uses direct style, time change and time suspension. At the level of syntactic representation, the relationship between the units is of the type of ideological story and the spatial relationships that determine the structure of the text.
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