Document Type : Research paper
Authors
1 Department of Arabic language and literature. Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences, Shiraz University. Shiraz, Iran
2 prof of the Department of Arabic language and literature. Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences, Shiraz University. Shiraz,. Iran
3 assistant prof of the Department of Arabic language and literature. Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences, Shiraz University. Shiraz, Iran
Abstract
Social anthropology studies how individuals function and behave within a social system. The concept of function holds significant importance in social anthropology as it pertains to the actions and activities of individuals within a specific social organization. Khalil Mutran lived in a society governed by tyrannical Ottoman kings, whose actions resulted in the people's subjugation and obedience to the sultan's orders. It had negative consequences and hindered social progress during that period. Drawing on his innovative perspectives, Mutran explored new anthropological concepts that transcended the limitations of time and place. By introducing Arabic poetry in a fresh direction, he established the foundations of his school of thought that aligned with the functions of human agency.This research analyzes the most significant functions of rulers in Khalil Mutran's poetry through qualitative content analysis and social criticism, serving as a fundamental pillar in social anthropology research. The findings indicate that the sultan imposed authoritarian functions on the nation, operating outside the boundaries of the law and utilizing social control mechanisms to further his interests and dictate the organization of affairs. It influenced people's behavior and social conduct, legitimizing and elevating the ruler's position. These factors formed the basis for class relations within that society.
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