Research paper
zohreh behroozi; naser zare
Abstract
Power and ideology are two key concepts in the critical discourse approach, making discourse meaningful to maintain or change social relations. Ideology covers a set of beliefs and values that play a decisive role in power relations. It is an instrument for establishing unequal power relations in society ...
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Power and ideology are two key concepts in the critical discourse approach, making discourse meaningful to maintain or change social relations. Ideology covers a set of beliefs and values that play a decisive role in power relations. It is an instrument for establishing unequal power relations in society and giving it legitimacy in critical discourse. The usefulness of examining power relations and ideology via critical discourse analysis is that the analyst seeks to discover the mechanism of social inequality at the substrates of the discourse. The novel Beirut '75 by Ghada al-Samman is an example wit many many underpinnings via which the writer critically criticizes class distance, the unfair power distribution, and authoritarianism. The present study aims to investigate the imbalance of power in situational contexts and to analyze the ideology behind the discourse. The results suggest that some linguistic features such as vocabulary, conditional clauses, tense, and simile play a significant role in highlighting the inequality of power distribution and establishing the opposition of the parties to the discourse. The discourse has two contexts that are different in terms of social, cultural, and worldview classes. Discourse, based on the ideology of authoritarianism, establishes social relations with the aim of achieving personal gain and with the slogan of service for service. Moreover, liberal ideology and values represent absurd traditions and anti-woman society. It represents a failed attempt to achieve freedom, defined in terms of wealth, fame, and power.
Research paper
azam shamsoddinifard; Fateme Sistani Rahmat Abad,
Abstract
Narratology, as one of branches of literary criticism, particularly Structural criticism, is a new science which studies the structural elements of narrative stories. In this context, many theorists have emerged and each one proposed a special model for the analysis of narrative texts. Among these theorists ...
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Narratology, as one of branches of literary criticism, particularly Structural criticism, is a new science which studies the structural elements of narrative stories. In this context, many theorists have emerged and each one proposed a special model for the analysis of narrative texts. Among these theorists is Gérard Genette the French critic and Structural theorist. His theory is based on distinction between three levels of narrative including story, narrative and narration. Genette explores the relationship between these levels through three elements of time, mood, and voice. .This research studies with a descriptive-analytical approach the Narrative mood of the novel “Iraqi dog’s Negotiations”as a kind of memoir, written by Abdul Hadi Sadoun, who is an Iraqi novelist according to the Genet’s theory and in order to evaluate the narrator's narrative information. Mood is a general term that refers to the narrator's relationship with the story and includes distance and perspective or focus The results of this study indicate that the distance between the narrator and the story in this novel increases and decreases with the direct, indirect and indirect free speech and the novel is narrated by the perspective of the first individual narrator who is the main character of the story Therefore, the narrative center of this work is internal.
Research paper
zohreh ghorbanimadavani
Abstract
Deviation is one of the topics discussed in the school of formalism. The founders of the theory have taken steps to deviate from the norms and rules of language and have identified these deviation techniques as one of the ways of creating literature. Meanwhile, Jeffrey Leech as one of the prominent figures ...
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Deviation is one of the topics discussed in the school of formalism. The founders of the theory have taken steps to deviate from the norms and rules of language and have identified these deviation techniques as one of the ways of creating literature. Meanwhile, Jeffrey Leech as one of the prominent figures of English formalism has classified these deviations into eight types, including written deviation. but this article seeks to extract a variety of written deviations in Arabic macro-narratives Focusing on 11 micro-series (857 stories) from Morocco through an analytical-inductive method and assumes that deviations can be identifies even in multi-line and multi-word short-short stories, as there are some techniques used in short-short stories that have never been used in poetry. The choice of the narrations of Morocco is due to the fact that the flourishing of micro-narratives was significantly manifested in this country. The obtained results of this study show that the most usable deviation methods used in Arabic Morocco micro-narratives including spacing the words, using loan word from other languages, segmentation of lines with numbers, unusual use of punctuations. However, the purpose of the Morocco writer is, on the one hand, to draw the attention of the reader and to highlight that part of the short-short story which t is different from the rest, and on the other hand, to attempt to harmonize the structure with the content.
Research paper
Morteza Zare Beromi; fatemeh kazemi
Abstract
The stream of consciousness is a kind of direct monologue in the novel, it includes many changes, fluctuations, flow and interaction between the past and the present. It means the continuous flow of ideas into the mind or the flow of thought internally and mentally. Therefore, the sentences of the awareness ...
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The stream of consciousness is a kind of direct monologue in the novel, it includes many changes, fluctuations, flow and interaction between the past and the present. It means the continuous flow of ideas into the mind or the flow of thought internally and mentally. Therefore, the sentences of the awareness stream are often fragmented and the ideas of their characters are not connected. This is what we want to study in our current research. Our approach followed in this research is descriptive analytical approach, we write of narration, time, and poetic language in the novel “Falling in the Sun” as classified in the theory of the stream of consciousness. This novel is a social and romantic novel based on the philosophy of love, sacrifice and waiting. Here we conclude the summary with the most important results obtained: If we were to enter the novel, We will find the sources of women’s frustration, oppression and failure, When the novelist presented an important turning point in the issue of feminist narration and this is represented in the Direct internal dialogue, and he removes Shaalan from the novel, Besides the self-talk, assuming the other is constantly present, also we have the association of meanings and a departure from the linear logic of time and the sequence of events for access the montage language and the poetic language is also evident in the novel. This research is essential, because it examines new patterns in the Arabic novel.
Research paper
zahra hashemi tezangi; mohamad javad por abed
Abstract
Criticism of Archetypal is a modern theory of literary criticism, This theory is based on the theories of Yung and his views on psychoanalytic criticism. This theory discovers the fact of archetypes and repetitive elements in literature or literary text in particular and shows how to attract them by ...
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Criticism of Archetypal is a modern theory of literary criticism, This theory is based on the theories of Yung and his views on psychoanalytic criticism. This theory discovers the fact of archetypes and repetitive elements in literature or literary text in particular and shows how to attract them by the mind of the writer or poet. The novel is narrated by stream of consciousness method. This novel is the first Arabic novel that is very artistic and symbolic and it mysterious refers to pains of some Arabic countries that were at war with the ISIS and in particular with the expression of real places and events, it expresses the effect of destructionand pain on the people of Eyzadiyeh, Sinjar and Sbaykr. This study tries to investigate Characters and symbols in Raghse Aljadile va Alnahr novel by using archetypal criticism method. Studies indicate that this novel is full of archetypes and as the novel is a psychological novel can be study by archetypal theory. Wafaa devoted large part of the novel to the characterization and properties of their spiritual and this has helped to discover the archetypes of the story. Another is that the author was able to show ISIS with all malice genesis in his novel by using the archetype of evil
Research paper
sadollah homayooni
Abstract
Review: Function-based linguistics analyzes language by analyzing contextual elements and relying on a usage-based approach. The semantic- pragmatic explanation of the two syntactic functions of the subject - as the main purpose of the function-view of the sentence and the object - as the secondary purpose ...
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Review: Function-based linguistics analyzes language by analyzing contextual elements and relying on a usage-based approach. The semantic- pragmatic explanation of the two syntactic functions of the subject - as the main purpose of the function-view of the sentence and the object - as the secondary purpose of the sentence - is the topic of the present study. The author attempts to analyze the syntactic functions in the Arabic language as a null sub, drop-pro and free word order language sub by descriptive-analytic method based on Simon Dick's Functional Grammar (FG) and the views of some theorists of the cognitive approach such as Filmor. The results of the study show that in the Arabic language the function of the agent can be attributed at the semantic level to the active, recipient, objective, and time and location dependent structures. At the cognitive-functional level, the topicalization is completed by use of subject LD or Focusing is done by moving the construct to the beginning of the sentence. The passive hybrid function can also be attributed to actionable structures, purpose and temporal and spatial dependencies. At the pragmatic level it is also used as a "clitic LD" or Focusing. But the construct, which is known as the indirect object in the traditional syntax, can benefit in the "possessive" and "causative" predicates of the semantic function of the "goal", and in the raising predicates of the semantic function of the "recipient / beneficiary".
