Document Type : Research paper
Authors
1 Doctoral student of Arabic language and literature at Bu-Ali Sina University
2 Professor of the Department of Arabic Language and Literature at Bu-Ali Sina University
3 Professor of Arabic Language and Literature, University of Bu-Ali Sina
Abstract
The theory of functional syntax of Ahmed Al-Mutawakkil in the twentieth century was influenced by functional linguistics. This theory considers the unit of syntax analysis of the text as a part of speech that expresses the intentions of the speakers’ discourse. Functional syntax studies speech structures at three levels: semantic, syntactic, and pragmatic. The pragmatic level is the most important aspect of this theory because it has a fundamental function in producing meaning and constructing discourse. This research, which followed the descriptive analytical approach, attempted to explain the most important aspects of functional syntax and the extent of its application to religious texts. To achieve this goal, the thirty-first epistle of Nahj al-Balagha was chosen as the research corpus. Among the results reached: The focus plays the most important role, and the accumulation of the focus expresses the cognitive aspect of the message and the verbal effort to build a religious identity. The focus also plays a fundamental role in establishing the meaning, determining the scope of the discourse, and creating a conclusion for the discourse. In this message, the communicative preacher, in addition to the communicative role, plays a major role in casting the structure and weaving the discourse. Descriptive tail, according to pragmatic reasons to Imam Ali’s words, it is applicable. Also, due to the large focus of the message, there is no trace of the beginning of the theme in it.
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