Document Type : Research paper
Authors
1 Student of the Department of Arabic Language and Literature, Azad University of Kashmar , Iran
2 Assistant Professor of the Department of Arabic Language and Literature, Azad University of Kashmr, Iran
3 Assistant Professor of the Department of Arabic Language and Literature, Azad University of Kashmir, Iran
Abstract
Structuralist criticism represents a significant branch of literary analysis that aims to uncover the structures and interrelations among various elements and rules within texts. Roland Barthes (1915-1980), a foundational figure in structuralism, introduced an analytical framework known as the "five narrative codes," which explores the action, enigma, connotation, cultural context, and symbolic layers present in literary works. This study endeavors to examine the structure of Hoda Barakat's novel Bareed Al-Layl through a descriptive-analytical lens grounded in Barthes' theory. A key finding from this analysis is the clarification of how Barakat utilizes sub-narratives presented through correspondence to shape character development and address social issues such as war and refugee experiences. The research also highlights deficiencies in effective patterns at both familial and societal levels, alongside themes of obedience and deprivation that contribute to creating imbalanced personality traits within the protagonist. Furthermore, it was observed that in the initial story of Bareed Al-Layl, Barakat occasionally enhances her educational themes using proverbs, religious beliefs, and colloquial expressions.
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