Document Type : Research paper

Authors

• eisa demani ¹
• Mohammad Rahimi khuigani ²
• rooh allah nasiri ³

¹ university of Isfahan

² Assistant Professor, Department of Arabic Language and literature, University of Isfahan

³ Associate Professor of Arabic Language and Literature, University of Isfahan

Abstract

Focalization is considered as a modern narrative technique and a basic feature of the perspective of a narrative, which means reducing the narrator's field of vision and limiting his information, as well as choosing a channel for conveying news from the narrator to the audience in the story, rather than the act of narrating from It should be done through a focal point that defines and limits the scope of vision.This technique, which was proposed by Girar Jinit, tries to narrow the range of reception through the theoretical documents of the narrative news to the narrator or fictional character of the receiver herself.Based on analytical-descriptive method, this research tries to investigate the effects of focalization in Jalal Burgess's novel "Defater al-Waraq" (bookseller's notebooks).Among the results of the present research, we can mention the use of three types of narrative focus (internal, external and zero focus) as well as multi-focus in order to encourage the reader to read by creating questions and ambiguity in his mind and also increasing the audience's information about the inner world of the novel's characters.

Keywords

• focalization
• Girar Jinit
• Jalal Burgess
• Defater al-Waraq
• Narrative point of view

Main Subjects

• Methodical critique and analysis of literary texts in Arabic New critical approach