Document Type : Research paper
Authors
1 PhD student of Arabic language and literature at Hakim Sabzevari University
2 Hakim Sabzevari University
3 Associate Professor, Department of Arabic Language and Literature, Hakim Sabzevari University
Abstract
Within the realm of literary analysis, psychoanalytic criticism offers a method for exploring the inner lives and psychological states of characters. This approach delves into the characters' internal conflicts, anxieties, and emotional turmoil. Loneliness, as an existential concern, is a significant theme that can be explored through literary texts, particularly novels. Among the various theories within psychoanalytic criticism, Irvin Yalom's psychotherapeutic theory stands out for its focus on themes such as death, loneliness, freedom, and existential void. This study seeks to explore and elucidate, through a descriptive-analytical method, the triadic dimensions of loneliness—personal, interpersonal, and existential—and the therapeutic strategies employed in Ala al-Dib's novel "Zahr al-laymun and other stories." The objective is to uncover the underlying layers of meaning and content for the reader. The findings of this research highlight the pervasive theme of triadic loneliness in the characters and narrative of the novel, as well as the author's utilization of narrative techniques and perspectives that resonate with this theme. Techniques identified by Yalom, such as invoking spiritual remembrance, fostering a love for one's homeland, engaging in acts of care and connection towards others, demonstrating empathy, and employing fantasy, are recognized as effective means to mitigate loneliness within the novel.
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